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Understanding Metformin: a Brief History and Use



Metformin has been observed to reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in various neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. If the initial dosage feels overwhelming, your healthcare provider might opt for a lower dose and gradually increase it, a process known as titration, to help mitigate these side effects. Lifestyle choices can either complement or undermine the therapeutic effects of metformin. The mechanisms of action of both metformin and insulin play crucial roles in their efficacy as treatment options for diabetes. Prediabetes is a condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet in the diabetes range. Additionally, metformin has been shown to impact the expression of certain genes involved in aging. Exercise stimulates the digestive tract, facilitating smoother processing of food and reducing discomfort such as bloating and gas.



Comparing Metformin with Other Diabetes Medications



These symptoms often subside over time as the body adjusts to the medication. It also helps patients in understanding how their medications work and what to expect in terms of efficacy and potential side effects. This potential benefit has sparked significant interest in exploring metformin as a potential treatment for various types of cancer.Mechanisms of Action:The exact mechanisms through which metformin exerts its anti-cancer effects are still being investigated. This has broader implications for hormonal health, as it may aid in the management of conditions exacerbated by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Overall, metformin's ability to aid in weight management and reduce the risk of obesity-related health issues makes it a valuable option for individuals struggling with weight gain and related complications. Moreover, regular physical excercise plays a critical role. However, its impact on weight isn't purely a script for immediate transformation.



Indications and Contraindications



Consuming sufficient fluids helps to dilute the medication in the digestive system, potentially reducing the incidence of nausea and diarrhea. This gradual approach not only mitigates the immediate discomforts but also improves long-term tolerance to the drug. While it primarily addresses blood glucose regulation, ongoing research continually unveils additional benefits, sparking interest in its broader applications beyond diabetes. She emphasizes the importance of following the "Sig" directions on the Rx for the best outcomes. As with any medication, metformin may have side effects and should be taken under medical supervision. Following a consistent medication routine will ensure that you obtain the maximum weight loss benefits. When comparing the cost-benefit ratio of metformin with DPP-4 inhibitors, several factors come to the fore.



Metformin Side Effects: What You Should Know



Along with its blood sugar-lowering effects, metformin also offers other potential health benefits, such as weight loss and improved cardiovascular health. Metformin works by reducing glucose production in the liver and enhancing insulin sensitivity, which helps in lowering blood sugar levels. Clinical trials have highlighted metformin’s ability to increase the chances of ovulation and thereby potentially improve pregnancy rates in those with PCOS-related infertility, offering a beacon of hope for women struggling to conceive. Metformin's evolving status in oncology is a focal point of contemporary medical research, with scientists exploring its full potential beyond its well-established role in glucose regulation. While primarily used to control blood sugar levels, metformin has shown promise in aiding weight loss efforts. However, there are also some drawbacks to insulin therapy. Unlike some other meds, Metformin does not induce a significant drop in blood sugar, minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia.



Combining Lifestyle Changes with Metformin Treatment



Positive Impact on Fertility and Reproductive Health: Metformin has shown promising effects on fertility and reproductive health, making it a potential treatment option for individuals struggling with infertility or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This dual action not only contributes to weight loss but also assists in the stabilization of energy levels throughout the day, helping individuals on their journey to a healthier weight. In some scenarios, women with PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) may also recieve this script, leveraging Metformin's ability to improve ovulatory functions alongside its weight-control benefits. A balanced diet rich in fiber, whole grains, and a reduction in simple carbohydrates is crucial, as it facilitates the mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in the liver. Not all cancer types respond equally to metformin, and more research is needed to determine the optimal dosage, duration, and patient selection for metformin treatment. Patients should be proactive in scheduling consultations when there are significant changes in their health status or when they plan to introduce new medications or dietary supplements, thus ensuring that their overall treatment for diabetes remains safe and beneficial. Drinking plenty of fluids and staying hydrated can further alleviate any potential gastrointestinal issues.If you experience persistent or severe side effects from metformin, it is important to consult your healthcare provider.



Unveiling Potential Side Effects of Metformin: What You Should Know



The drug's popularity isn't just due to its glucose-lowering properties. As evidence amassed from several landmark clinical studies, such as the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), metformin not only managed blood sugar levels but also reduced the risk of diabetes-related complications. GLP-1 receptor agonists, for instance, not only help control blood sugar but can also assist with weight loss. The anti-aging benefits of metformin are largely attributed to its ability to promote cell regeneration. By monitoring blood glucose levels regularly, individuals with diabetes can effectively manage their condition and optimize the benefits of using metformin. Certain types of exercises can enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, working in concert with metformin. Metformin is an oral medication and belongs to the class of drugs called biguanides.



Consult Your Doctor: Personalized Metformin Dosage Guide



This revelation spurred a wave of preclinical and clinical research exploring metformin’s role in age-related diseases, cardiovascular health, and neurodegenerative disorders. Her story isn't just about the physical changes; it's about restored confidence and a sense of control over her body. The drug's approval in the UK in 1958, followed by Canada in 1972, and eventually by the US FDA in 1995, reflected a cautious yet progressive acceptance in the medical community. On the other hand, insulin is essential for individuals with type 1 diabetes, who are unable to produce any insulin on their own. Metformin’s primary mechanism of action involves reducing glucose production in the liver. Overall, metformin offers a more convenient and lifestyle-friendly option for individuals with diabetes, allowing for better adherence to treatment and improved quality of life. This breakthrough occured when scientists isolated metformin, a substance derived from the French lilac plant, traditionally used in folk medicine to manage the symptoms of diabetes.



Potential Side Effects and Precautions



In addition to these potential benefits, metformin has also been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Metformin is an oral medication that is commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes, but it has also shown great potential in treating PCOS. Research suggests that metformin may have beneficial effects on conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative disorders. It provides a line of defense by acting directly within the cellular metabolism, a strategy that differs fundamentally from dietary and lifestyle measures which only reduce risk factors incidentally. Finally, managing stress levels is important as chronic stress can lead to weight gain. Additionally, metformin enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids by gut bacteria, which play vital roles in regulating inflammation and glucose metabolism. Count and Pour practices transformed its accessibility, making Metformin a staple in diabetes management.



Future Directions and Ongoing Research in Metformin Use



Firstly, make sure to take your medication at the same time every day to maintain a consistent level in your system. On the other hand, insulin, available in injectable form, directly regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production. Some studies indicate that Gymnema Sylvestre may enhance insulin production and even restore pancreatic function. It can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels, and multiple cysts on the ovaries. - Start with a low dose: When beginning metformin, it is important to start with a low dose and gradually increase it over time. Individuals who stand to benefit the most from Metformin for weight management are those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes, where it's not just about losing weight but enhancing insulin sensitivity. This observation spurred further research into its anti-aging properties.



Promising Research Results



These compounded solutions are not only showing promise in delaying the onset of age-related diseases but also improving overall vitality. Metformin is frequently contrasted with other diabetes medications, such as sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Before becoming the cornerstone medication for type 2 diabetes, metformin had humble beginnings rooted in the use of a traditional herbal remedy. High insulin levels have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, and metformin's ability to regulate blood sugar levels can help reduce insulin secretion. SGLT2 inhibitors work by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, thus lowering blood sugar levels. Metformin has been shown to decrease markers of inflammation in the brain, potentially leading to improved mental clarity and cognitive performance. Metformin is believed to improve insulin sensitivity, leading to better blood sugar control and reduced inflammation.

Dr. Simon Hatcher

Medical Director of Psychiatry

Dr. Simon Hatcher is a Psychiatrist at the Ottawa Hospital and Medical Director of Psychiatry at Ottawa Inner City Health, a Scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and a Full Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Ottawa. He has worked as a psychiatrist in clinical, research and leadership roles in non-mental health settings all his professional career starting in Leeds, UK followed by 20 years in Auckland, New Zealand before moving to Canada in 2012. Dr. Hatcher is not good at many things but one thing he does try to do well is to give a voice and meaning to people who are suffering from mental disorders. This is integrated into clinical care, teaching, and research through the Hatching Ideas Lab. Away from his professional work, he keeps bees and rides motorbikes, but not both at the same time.

Dr. Rakesh Patel

Medical Director

Dr Rakesh V. Patel is an Associate Prof. of Medicine at U Ottawa. Currently, he is the Medical Director of Ottawa Inner City Health and has been working there since 2018. He completed his General Internal Medicine (GIM) residency in Ottawa (2001), GIM Fellowship [2003, McMaster] and his adult critical care medicine residency training at U of Ottawa (2004). He was the Program Director for the UOttawa adult critical care medicine residency program and has been practicing Adult Critical Care and Internal Medicine, at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH), since 2004. He has chaired the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee for TOH-UOHI since 2007. He is a member of the Committee to Evaluate Drugs, Ministry of Health, Ontario. His research interests include; clinical pharmacology/therapeutics, and medical education. He received the “Clinical Teacher of the Year” award from GIM residents in 2007 and the “Outstanding Physician” award from the Dept. of Medicine in 2018. One day, he hopes to shoot par at the Old Course at St. Andrews.

Kim Van Herk

Mental Health Nurse Coordinator Team Lead

As Team Lead for the Mental Health Nurse Coordinators at OICH, Kim combines extensive expertise, heartfelt leadership, and a deep commitment to compassionate care. She earned her Bachelor of Nursing from McMaster University and her Master’s degree from Ottawa University, where her research focused on improving access to care for pregnant and parenting Aboriginal women in urban settings. As another longtime OICH nurse, Kim is known for her empathetic leadership style and her ability to foster a culture of courage, inclusivity, and trust. With a wealth of experience in mental health care for vulnerable populations, she ensures that every individual feels seen, supported, and valued. Outside of her professional role, Kim finds joy in spending time with her kids, immersing herself in nature, and reading.

Christina Masters

Nurse Coordinator Team Lead

As Team Lead for the Nurse Coordinators at Ottawa Inner City Health, Christina Masters brings a sharp analytical mind, deep compassion, and extensive nursing expertise to her role. She earned her Nursing degree from the University of Ottawa and began her career in the emergency room, holding an emergency nursing certification from the Canadian Nurses Association. Christina is a dedicated harm reduction leader, passionate about education and development. Christina never shies from jumping into a complex, challenging medical situation. Her thoughtful approach ensures every client feels seen, valued, and supported. Within her team, Christina is the steadying force—the glue that holds everyone together. Outside of work, Christina enjoys spending time with her kids, caring for her chickens, cross-stitching intricate patterns, and baking delicious treats.

Louise Beaudoin

Nursing Manager

Louise Beaudoin has been a part of Ottawa Inner City Health since its early days when OICH was a pilot project. She earned her Bachelor of Nursing from the Université du Québec and brings decades of dedication and expertise to her role as RPN Manager. Passionate about working in the grey areas of harm reduction, Louise thrives on finding flexible solutions that meet the community’s unique needs. Outside of work, Louise is all about physical activity and sports! She keeps active and energized through skiing, cycling, and yoga.

Anne Marie Hopkins

Director of Operations

With a background in Social Work and a Master’s in Business Administration, Anne Marie combines compassionate, people-focused care with strategic leadership in her role as Director of Operations. Anne Marie began her journey with Ottawa Inner City Health in 2008 as a volunteer and has since held multiple roles within the organization. Anne Marie is passionate about building community and loves working in the mental health and substance use field, drawn to the complexity, nuance, and humanity of the harm reduction world. Anne Marie’s happiest moment in her career was being part of the team that launched OICH’s Supervised Consumption Site in 2017. Outside of her professional life, Anne Marie is passionate about dogs, reading her Kindle, being outdoors, and quilting.

Joanne Rousseau

Director of Human Resources

Joanne holds a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from the University of Windsor and a Human Resources diploma. She is a Certified Human Resources Leader (CHRL). While she’s newer to the OICH team, Joanne brings extensive experience in HR leadership and managing large teams. After years in the corporate world, Joanne sought a role with purpose and heart where her work could make a meaningful impact on the community. In her spare time, Joanne enjoys reading Jane Austen novels, watching Doctor Who, puzzling, and musicals. If you’ve visited the OICH office, you’ve likely been greeted by Lily, Joanne’s friendly office dog.

Rob Boyd

Chief Executive Officer

Rob has worked at the intersection of homelessness, mental health and substance use health in Ottawa for the past 35 years, including over 20 years in senior leadership positions. He has extensive experience in developing programs and services centred on clients’ needs and responsive to the changing environment in which they live. Rob is a champion for the inclusion of people with lived experience in all aspects of the work being done, from systems advocacy to service delivery. Rob lives in the country and likes working around his property and spending time outdoors. He is known as the office dog whisperer, likely due to his calm nature and relaxed energy.